In modern life, cars have become an indispensable partner for our travel. In order to ensure that cars can always serve us safely and efficiently, regular and correct maintenance is essential.
Engine maintenance
The engine is the core component of the car and is known as the "heart" of the car. The quality of the engine directly determines the performance and service life of the car.
- Regular and oil filter
The engine oil plays an important role in lubrication, cooling, cleaning and sealing in the engine. As the use of time increases, engine oil will gradually deteriorate, pollute, and lubrication performance will decrease. Therefore, regular replacement of engine oil is one of the key steps in engine maintenance.
Generally speaking, mineral engine oil is recommended to be replaced every 5,000 kilometers or half a year; semi-synthetic engine oil is replaced every 7,500 kilometers or 8 months; fully synthetic engine oil is replaced every 10,000 kilometers or once a year. However, the specific replacement cycle needs to be determined according to factors such as vehicle usage and driving environment.
For example, if you often drive under bad road conditions, such as on hot, dusty, and congested urban roads, the vehicle starts and stops frequently, and the engine is in a low-speed operation state for a long time, the temperature of the engine oil rises and it is easy to deteriorate. At the same time, impurities such as dust in the air are more likely to enter the engine oil, causing the oil pollution to accelerate. In this case, it is more appropriate to replace the mineral oil about 5,000 kilometers. If you mostly drive on highways with good road conditions and a clean environment, the engine can maintain a relatively stable working state for a long time, and the loss and deterioration of the engine oil is relatively slow. It is also feasible to replace the full synthetic oil every 8,000-10,000 kilometers.
The function of the oil filter is to filter impurities in the oil. If the filter is blocked, it will cause poor oil circulation and aggravate engine wear. Therefore, the oil filter should be replaced at the same time as the oil.
- Cleaning and replacement of air filters
The air filter can prevent impurities such as dust and sand in the air from entering the engine cylinder and reduce engine wear.
For air filters, they generally need to be cleaned every 10,000-20,000 kilometers and replaced every 20,000-40,000 kilometers. If you live in an area with poor air quality, such as a northern city with a lot of sand and dust or near a construction site, the dust and particulate matter in the air is extremely high, and the air filter will be blocked faster. In this environment, it may need to be cleaned every 10,000 kilometers, and a new air filter needs to be replaced about 20,000 kilometers.
Imagine that if the engine inhales a lot of dust and impurities, just like a person's lungs inhale too many pollutants, it will seriously affect its normal operation and life. For example, dust entering the cylinder will scratch the cylinder wall and piston, causing the engine to leak, power reduction, and even burning oil.
- Maintenance of fuel filter
The fuel filter can filter impurities and moisture in the fuel to ensure the cleanliness of the fuel. If the fuel filter is blocked, it will cause poor fuel supply and affect engine performance. The fuel filter is usually replaced every 20,000-40,000 kilometers. But if the fuel quality used is poor, such as refueling at some small private gas stations, the fuel may contain more impurities and moisture, so the replacement cycle of the fuel filter should be shortened to about 20,000 kilometers. If the fuel filter is clogged, the engine may experience weak acceleration, shaking or even flameout, seriously affecting driving safety.
- Inspection and replacement of spark plugs
The spark plug is responsible for igniting the mixed gas in the engine. If the spark plug fails, it will cause problems such as reduced engine power, increased fuel consumption, and difficulty in starting.
The replacement cycle of the spark plug varies depending on the material and model. Generally speaking, nickel alloy spark plugs are replaced at about 20,000-30,000 kilometers; platinum spark plugs are replaced at about 40,000-60,000 kilometers; iridium spark plugs are replaced at about 80,000-100,000 kilometers.
Regularly check the electrode gap and combustion conditions of the spark plugs, and replace them in time if there are any abnormalities. For example, if the spark plug electrode gap is too large, the ignition energy will be weakened, resulting in incomplete combustion, which will not only reduce power, but also increase fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. If the spark plug electrode is severely ablated, it may even fail to ignite, causing the engine to miss cylinders and the vehicle to shake significantly.
Tire maintenance
Tires are the only parts of the car that come into contact with the ground, and their condition directly affects the car's handling, safety and comfort.
- Maintain proper tire pressure
Proper tire pressure can not only extend the service life of the tire, but also improve fuel economy and driving safety.
Generally speaking, the standard tire pressure of the vehicle will be marked in the vehicle's user manual, on the driver's door or on the fuel tank cap. The tire pressure of a car is usually between 2.3-2.5 atmospheres.
It should be noted that the tire pressure will change with the change of temperature. In summer, when the temperature is high, the tire pressure will increase accordingly; in winter, when the temperature is low, the tire pressure will decrease. Therefore, the tire pressure should be checked and adjusted regularly.
For example, in the hot summer, if the tire pressure is too high, such as reaching more than 3.0 atmospheres, the contact area between the tire and the ground during driving will be reduced, and the friction will be reduced, which will easily lead to a longer braking distance, and it may not be possible to stop in time during emergency braking. Moreover, excessive tire pressure may also cause increased wear in the central part of the tire and shorten the service life of the tire. Even under the dual effects of high temperature and high tire pressure, there is a risk of tire blowout. In the cold winter, if the tire pressure is too low, such as below 2.0 atmospheres, the deformation of the tire will increase, resulting in severe wear on both sides of the tire, and also increase fuel consumption because the rolling resistance of the tire increases.
For example, a car with a standard tire pressure of 2.4 atmospheres may increase fuel consumption by 0.5-1 liter per 100 kilometers when the tire pressure drops to 2.0 atmospheres in winter.
- Tire rotation
Since the front wheels of the car are responsible for steering, the degree of wear is usually greater than that of the rear wheels. In order to make the tire wear even and extend the service life of the tire, it is recommended to rotate the tire every 10,000-20,000 kilometers.
Common tire rotation methods include front and rear cross rotation and same-side front and rear rotation. The specific rotation method should be determined according to the vehicle's driving mode and tire wear.
For example, for front-wheel drive vehicles, front and rear cross rotation can better balance tire wear. Assuming that the wear of the front wheel has reached 50%, while the rear wheel is only 30%, through cross rotation, the wear of the front and rear wheels can gradually become even, thereby extending the overall service life of the tire.
- Tire balance and positioning
If the tire is unbalanced, the vehicle will shake during driving, affecting driving comfort and safety. Inaccurate tire positioning will cause problems such as eccentric wear and deviation of the tire.
Generally, tire dynamic balancing and four-wheel alignment should be checked every 10,000-20,000 kilometers or after replacing tires and suspension parts.
For example, if the tire is unbalanced, the steering wheel will shake significantly when the vehicle is driving at high speed, which will not only make the driver feel uncomfortable, but also may affect the control of the vehicle. If the tire positioning is inaccurate, such as the front wheel camber angle is too large, it will cause serious wear on the outside of the tire, which will not only shorten the tire life, but also may cause the vehicle to deviate to one side when driving in a straight line, increasing driving risks.
- Regularly check the tire condition
Regularly check the tire tread wear, scratches, bulges and other abnormalities. The tread depth of the tire is very important for drainage and grip. When the tread depth is less than 1.6 mm, the tire should be replaced in time.
For example, when driving in rainy days, if the tire tread depth is insufficient, the drainage capacity is reduced, which is easy to cause hydroplaning, the vehicle will lose grip and increase the risk of loss of control. Suppose a car is driving on a flooded road at a speed of 60 km/h. If the tire tread depth is normal, it can pass safely, but if the tread depth is less than 1.6 mm, it is likely to hydroplaning, causing the vehicle to lose control.
Braking system maintenance
The braking system is the key guarantee for the safety of automobile driving and must always be kept in good working condition.
- Check the thickness of the brake pads
The brake pads are one of the most easily worn parts in the braking system. With the increase of usage time, the brake pads will gradually become thinner. When the thickness of the brake pads is less than 3 mm, they need to be replaced.
The degree of wear of the brake pads is related to factors such as driving habits and driving conditions. If you often brake suddenly or drive in mountainous areas, and use the brakes frequently, the brake pads will wear faster.
For example, in emergency braking, if the brake pads are severely worn, such as the thickness is less than 3 mm, the braking effect will be greatly reduced. The vehicle that can stop in 40 meters may need 50 meters or even longer to stop. Extending the braking distance may cause accidents.
- Replacement of brake fluid
Brake fluid is hygroscopic. Long-term use will absorb moisture in the air, causing the boiling point to decrease and affecting braking performance.
Generally speaking, brake fluid needs to be replaced every 2-4 years or 40,000-60,000 kilometers. If the water content in the brake fluid exceeds 3%, it must be replaced.
When replacing the brake fluid, pay attention to emptying the air in the system to ensure the normal operation of the brake system. For example, if the brake fluid has not been replaced for a long time and the water content is too high, during continuous braking, the brake fluid temperature rises, and the water evaporates to form bubbles, which will cause the brake pedal to soften and the braking effect to decrease. In severe cases, it may even cause brake failure.
- Cleaning and inspection of the brake system
Regularly clean various components of the brake system, such as brake calipers, brake discs, etc., to remove dust and oil. At the same time, check the brake lines for leakage, aging and other problems.
For example, if too much dust and oil accumulate on the brake caliper, it may cause the caliper piston to move poorly, affecting the braking effect. If there is a leak in the brake line, the brake fluid will be lost, the brake pressure will be insufficient, and the brakes cannot be braked normally.
Car body maintenance
Car body maintenance can not only maintain the beauty of the vehicle, but also prevent rust and extend the service life of the vehicle.
- Regular car washing and waxing
Regular car washing can remove dirt, dust, acid rain and other corrosive substances on the surface of the car body. It is recommended to wash the car at least once a week, using professional car wash liquid and soft towels to avoid scratching the car paint.
Waxing can form a protective film on the surface of the car paint, effectively resisting the erosion of ultraviolet rays, acid rain, dust, etc., so that the car paint remains bright. Generally waxing once every 3-6 months.
For example, if the car body is not cleaned for a long time, dirt and corrosive substances will penetrate into the paint, such as acid rain will corrode the varnish layer of the car paint, causing the paint to fade and lose its luster. Moreover, the fine particles in the dust may scratch the car paint when wiping, forming fine scratches. Over time, the car paint will become dull and even rusty.
- Pay attention to the parking environment
Try to avoid parking the car in direct sunlight. Long-term exposure to the sun will cause the car paint to fade and age. Also do not park under a tree to prevent gum, bird droppings, etc. from falling on the car and corroding the paint.
If the vehicle has to be parked outdoors, you can use a car cover for protection. For example, in the hot summer, the vehicle is exposed to the sun for a long time, and the paint temperature may exceed 60 degrees Celsius, which will accelerate the oxidation of organic matter in the paint and cause the paint color to fade. Gum and bird droppings contain acidic substances. If they are not cleaned in time, they will leave difficult-to-remove marks on the paint surface and even corrode the paint.
- Rust prevention treatment
For metal parts of the car body, such as the chassis and door edges, regular rust prevention treatment can effectively prevent rust.
For example, in coastal areas or areas where roads are salted in winter, the salt and moisture content in the air is high, and vehicles are more vulnerable to the threat of rust. Regular anti-rust spraying of the chassis can form a protective film on the metal surface to prevent the erosion of salt and moisture and extend the service life of the chassis.
Interior maintenance
A clean and comfortable interior environment can not only enhance the driving experience, but also extend the service life of interior parts.
- Cleaning seats and carpets
Choose the appropriate cleaning method according to the material of the seat. For fabric seats, you can use a special cleaner and brush to clean them; for leather seats, use leather care agents for maintenance.
Carpets are easy to hide dirt and dirt, so use a vacuum cleaner to clean them regularly, and use detergent to remove stubborn stains.
For example, if food residues and drinks are spilled on seats and carpets, if they are not cleaned in time, they will breed bacteria and produce odors. Especially in the hot and humid environment in summer, bacteria reproduce faster and may cause respiratory diseases. Moreover, stains that remain for a long time will penetrate into the seats and carpets, making it difficult to completely remove them.
- Care of the dashboard and center console
Gently wipe the dashboard and center console with a soft damp cloth, and avoid using detergents containing alcohol or corrosive ingredients to avoid damaging the surface.
You can use interior care agents regularly to keep the center console bright and prevent aging. For example, if an improper detergent is used, the plastic surface of the dashboard and center console may turn white and brittle, affecting the appearance and service life.
- Maintenance of the air conditioning system
Replace the air conditioning filter regularly, generally every 10,000-20,000 kilometers. At the same time, disinfect and clean the air conditioning system to remove odors and bacteria to ensure the air quality in the car.
For example, an air conditioning filter that has not been replaced for a long time will accumulate a lot of dust and bacteria, affecting the cooling effect of the air conditioning and the health of the people in the car. When using the air conditioner, dust and bacteria will enter the car with the air circulation, which may cause passengers to have allergies, coughs and other discomfort symptoms.
Electrical system maintenance
The electrical system includes batteries, generators, lines, etc. Ensuring their normal operation is essential for the start of the vehicle and the use of electronic equipment.
- Battery maintenance
Regularly check whether the battery electrodes are corroded or loose, and clean the oxides on the electrodes.
If the vehicle is parked for a long time, the vehicle should be started at regular intervals to charge the battery.
The general battery life is 2-5 years. When the battery is found to be low and difficult to start, it should be replaced in time. For example, if the battery electrode is corroded, the resistance will increase, affecting the charging and discharging performance of the battery. Moreover, in winter, the performance of the battery will decline. If the battery itself is aged, the vehicle may not be able to start.
- Generator inspection
Check whether the generator belt is loose or worn to ensure that the generator generates electricity normally.
For example, if the generator belt is loose, it will lead to insufficient power generation, and the vehicle's electronic equipment may work abnormally, such as dimming lights and lower sound. If the belt is severely worn or even broken, the generator will not work, and the vehicle will suddenly stall while driving.
Inspection of electrical system lines
Regularly check whether the vehicle's lines are aging, damaged, short-circuited, etc. to avoid electrical failures.
For example, aging of vehicle lines may cause increased resistance, causing heating of the lines and even fire. Moreover, line damage may cause short circuits, damage electrical equipment, and affect the normal use of the vehicle.
Regular maintenance and inspection
In addition to the individual maintenance of the above components, regular comprehensive maintenance and inspection are also essential.
- Maintain according to the maintenance cycle specified by the manufacturer
The maintenance cycle and items may vary for cars of different brands and models. Generally speaking, a car needs to be maintained once every 5,000-10,000 kilometers or half a year to a year, including changing the engine oil, oil filter, air filter, etc. Major maintenance is required every 2-3 years or 40,000-60,000 kilometers. In addition to minor maintenance items, it also includes replacing brake oil, spark plugs, transmission oil, etc.
It is recommended to perform maintenance according to the vehicle's user manual and the manufacturer's recommendations, and do not extend the maintenance cycle at will. For example, some luxury brand cars may have a relatively short maintenance cycle due to the high requirements for engine technology and component precision. If they are not maintained on time, it may cause engine failure and extremely high maintenance costs.
- Perform a comprehensive inspection during maintenance
When performing maintenance, let a professional technician conduct a comprehensive inspection of the vehicle, including the chassis, suspension system, steering system, transmission system, etc. Discover potential problems in a timely manner and repair and replace them.
For example, by checking the chassis, you can find out whether the chassis parts are loose, worn or rusted. Checking the suspension system can understand the working status of the shock absorber and whether there are problems such as oil leakage. Checking the steering system can ensure that the steering wheel is flexible and the steering is accurate. Checking the transmission system can determine whether the gearbox and drive shaft are working properly, whether there are abnormal noises and vibrations.
In short
car maintenance is a comprehensive job that requires us to pay attention to details in all aspects. Only through regular and correct maintenance can we keep our car in good performance and condition at all times and provide reliable protection for our travel.
