Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar. Long-term high blood sugar can cause damage to multiple systems of the body. Therefore, controlling blood sugar levels is the core goal of diabetes treatment.
- Lifestyle intervention
Dietary control: low sugar, low fat, high fiber, reasonable nutrition, control total calorie intake, weight loss or maintain ideal weight. Exercise: at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise per week, combined with strength training, to enhance muscle glucose uptake and utilization. Other aspects: quit smoking, limit alcohol, maintain good sleep and mental state, and lay a solid foundation for diabetes treatment.
- Drug treatment Drug types: including biguanides, sulfonylureas, glinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, etc. Each drug has a unique mechanism of action and indications. Individualized plan: Doctors formulate individualized treatment plans based on factors such as the patient's diabetes type, blood sugar level, complications, and drug side effects, regularly monitor blood sugar and related indicators, and adjust drug doses or types in a timely manner. Follow the doctor's advice: Patients need to use drugs under the guidance of doctors. They cannot increase or decrease drugs or stop taking drugs on their own to avoid affecting the treatment effect or causing adverse reactions.
- Applicable population for insulin treatment: Mainly suitable for patients with type 1 diabetes and some patients with type 2 diabetes, such as when oral hypoglycemic drugs are ineffective or there are serious complications. Types of insulin: Ultra-short-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting and long-acting insulin, which are suitable for different treatment plans according to different action times. Treatment plan: The basic-mealtime insulin plan is common. Long-acting insulin is injected once a day as the basic insulin, and ultra-short-acting or short-acting insulin is injected according to the carbohydrate intake of each meal; insulin pump therapy can simulate the physiological insulin secretion pattern, which is suitable for patients with large blood sugar fluctuations or who need to finely adjust the insulin dose. Precautions: Monitor blood sugar regularly, pay attention to the occurrence of hypoglycemia, carry sugary food or candy with you; correctly select the insulin injection site to avoid repeated injections at the same site.
IV. Applicable subjects for surgical treatment: Some patients with type 2 diabetes, especially those with obesity, aged between 18-65 years old, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m², or BMI between 30-35 kg/m² but with severe metabolic disorders or complications. Surgical methods: Including gastric bypass surgery, sleeve gastrectomy and other weight loss surgeries, which reduce weight and significantly improve blood sugar levels and metabolic conditions by reducing gastric capacity, changing intestinal hormone secretion, and improving insulin sensitivity. Risks and complications: There are risks of infection, bleeding, malnutrition, etc., which require detailed evaluation, including blood sugar levels, complications, surgical indications and contraindications, etc., under the guidance of professional doctors.
It can be seen that the treatment of diabetes is a long and complex process that requires the joint efforts of patients, doctors and families. Patients should actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment plan, adhere to a healthy lifestyle, regularly monitor blood sugar and follow-up examinations to achieve good blood sugar control, prevent and delay the occurrence of complications, and improve the quality of life.
For normal people, we should also learn to prevent diabetes in life. Here are some effective ways to prevent diabetes:
-Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is an important risk factor for diabetes. By eating a reasonable diet and exercising regularly, keeping your weight within the normal range (BMI 18.5 - 23.9) can greatly reduce the risk of disease.
-Regular physical examinations: Especially for people with risk factors such as family history of diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or obesity, regular blood sugar tests can be performed. Early detection of abnormal blood sugar can take timely measures to prevent the development of diabetes.
-Quit smoking and limit alcohol: Smoking and excessive drinking can increase the risk of diabetes. Quitting smoking and drinking in moderation (if drinking, it is recommended that men do not exceed two glasses a day and women do not exceed one glass a day) can help reduce the risk of diabetes.
-Ensure adequate sleep: Lack of sleep can affect the body's metabolism and insulin sensitivity, thereby increasing the risk of diabetes. It is recommended to maintain 7-9 hours of sleep every night.
-Reduce stress: Learning to cope with stress, such as reducing stress through exercise, meditation and relaxation techniques, maintaining good social relationships, and avoiding excessive mental tension and anxiety can help prevent the occurrence of diabetes.
In short, diabetes prevention is an all-round, multi-dimensional process that requires our continuous attention and efforts in daily life. Through comprehensive lifestyle adjustments such as a reasonable diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical examinations, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, ensuring adequate sleep, and effectively coping with stress, we can greatly reduce the risk of disease and protect our health. Let us start from now, develop good living habits, actively prevent diabetes, and enjoy a healthy and beautiful life.
